4.step one EHS through the 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
Such uncommon thermal anomalies into the western Russia have been because of a good quasi-stationary anticyclonic movement (Bardin 2007). Present research (Zveryaev et al. 2012) shows that the summer months out of 1972 was characterised from the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation.
4.2 EHS during the 1981–1990
Brand new exceptional summer for the year secured the new main and you will east components of European Russia (Fig. 2). The newest EHS are seen within 7 channels, such as the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it absolutely was the actual only real such june within the several months) and you can Ekaterinburg. Inside Kirov and you Murmansk in Russia women will Perm, this is the hottest summer of one’s period. The common sky temperatures along side town is higher than the newest long-identity mediocre of the dos.5–3.3 °C. The temperature is actually higher than the fresh new long-title mediocre throughout around three summer time, however, August try really the only incredibly very hot month and simply on half all stations (including the top of your own whole period within the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you will Perm), if you are Summer and you will July failed to meet with the criterion. Discover a considerable number of weeks having a maximum temperatures greater than 31 °C, particularly in the brand new southern area (20–twenty-five, typically 9–11). Just from the southwestern a portion of the city, there were months which have lowest temperature exceeding 20 °C (Dining table 5).
The summertime from 1988 are very sizzling hot and you will, such as 1981, heavens temperature anomalies safeguarded central and eastern areas of European Russia, although the affected area was shorter related to only five programs (Fig. 2). In around three north channels, it was the hottest, and in the actual situation of Kotlas, and the only EHS on the data months. The difference between the common enough time-name and also the EHS conditions ranged from dos.step 3 to 3.step 1 °C across the area. July ended up for example hot (within some programs the latest of one’s period). Only into the Ekaterinburg performed the brand new temperatures avoid lacking meeting the fresh requirements in every of weeks. There are over 10 months having a max temperatures a lot more than 31 °C whatsoever brand new station, along with the newest southern area, the number is almost 20 (compared to the anywhere between three and you will six normally). Simply separated instances of months having the absolute minimum heat significantly more than 20 °C was indeed filed regarding south of affected region (Table 5).
